Design Research Methodology/Research Proposal
Zetie Binti Bahaman/0351297/BDCM
Design Research Methodology
Research Proposal
LECTURES
Week 1:
Week 2:
Research Objective: What I expect to achieve by a project and serves as a guide to the research activities.
Research Questions: An answerable inquiry into a specific concern/issue.
Hypothesis: A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
Week 3:
Library Information Literacy Workshop (LIBILW)
5 Steps of Research Skills
1: Define Your Topic
Determine Subject Words/Keywords
Alert on:
2: Select Your Resources
Taylor's Library
1. Library Catalogue ( access to Print Books, Reference materials, e-Books, Print Journals, Multimedia)
2. MulT Search (Access to Journals, e-Journals, magazine articles, newspaper articles, reports …)
3. Online Database (Allow access to Reference databases, General databases, Subject Databases, Statistics, websites)
4. Electronic Book (List of electronic books from multidisciplinary / subject
5. E-Journal (List of the electronic journals from multidisciplinary / subject
6. Internet (Broad access to Google Scholar, Google, other open-access sites – blogs, social media
Track searching history:
- Keep notes of any effective search terms or keywords you have used
- Keep a record of useful databases, websites, books, journal articles that you have used
- Note down details for references/citations
**IMPORTANT for current and future use.
3: Search, Locate, and Access Materials
1. Website Login (To access e-forms and Tutorials & Guides)
2. Ezproxy Login (To access Taylor's Library Online Resources
-However, if you are directed to the list of books, means that there are few items having the information as filtered.
-Provide User ID and Password upon access to Taylor's online resources
I was late for the first day of class and missed the first lecture hour. Despite the circumstances, I managed to keep up and watched the last recorded lecture while we were given a break. Dr. Hayati and Dr. Jinchi explained about the module information booklet and our first task in class. After the break, they called in experts based on our design specialization to help us decide on our specialization with a Q&A session. For my specialization, Animation and Visual Effects, it is covered by Mr. Kannan. He made an in depth explanation about the course and the requirements for this specialization. I was able to ask him if I should be in this specialization even though I want to focus on motion graphics instead of the traditional animation. Towards the end of class, both Dr. Hayati and Dr. Jinchi reminded us on what we have to show next class. They emphasized on choosing the RIGHT topic and that we love it. Dr. Jinchi also shared various references for us to get an idea of finding our topics. Based on the slides and recorded lecture, I understood that research is the investigation and study of materials to establish facts and reach new conclusions. We do research to expand our understanding and knowledge of our academic field, in my case, in animation and visual effects. There is also a step-by-step method in doing research, it is not simply doing just a Google search.
Week 1: Lecture Notes
Week 2:
For Week 2, we learned about problem statement, research objective, research questions as well as hypothesis and variables. They are all part of the research proposal that we are currently assigned to do. We are also given samples of a problem statement and method on writing one.
Problem Statement: A concise description of an issue that allows readers to understand the research problem. It can be split into three paragraphs, the ideal, the reality, and the consequences.
Research Objective: What I expect to achieve by a project and serves as a guide to the research activities.
Research Questions: An answerable inquiry into a specific concern/issue.
Hypothesis: A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
Week 2: Lecture Notes
Week 3:
Today, we presented our proposal with the problem statement, research objective, and research questions. After our specialization tutorial session, we had to attend the Library Information Literacy Workshop (LIBILW) in Times. The workshop is from 12pm to 2pm, which is only available throughout this period. It is important that we attend this workshop as this will not only help us in this module but also in our dissertation later on.
Week 03(A): Lecture Notes
Week 03(B): Lecture Notes
Library Information Literacy Workshop (LIBILW)
5 Steps of Research Skills
1: Define Your Topic
Determine Subject Words/Keywords
Alert on:
- Singular or Plural (methodology/methodologies)
- Variation of words/Abbreviation (apps - applications//aged-ageing-ageing)
- Alternative Spelling(BRI vs Ame) (organisation/organization // colour/color)
- Alternative Terms (Other Culture) (football/soccer // secondary school/high school)
- Broader Terms/Narrower Terms (Multimedia - Broad Terms // Mobile App or Health App - Narrower Terms)
- Specialist Terminology (Vitamin C/ascorbic acid)
2: Select Your Resources
Taylor's Library
1. Library Catalogue ( access to Print Books, Reference materials, e-Books, Print Journals, Multimedia)
2. MulT Search (Access to Journals, e-Journals, magazine articles, newspaper articles, reports …)
3. Online Database (Allow access to Reference databases, General databases, Subject Databases, Statistics, websites)
4. Electronic Book (List of electronic books from multidisciplinary / subject
5. E-Journal (List of the electronic journals from multidisciplinary / subject
6. Internet (Broad access to Google Scholar, Google, other open-access sites – blogs, social media
Track searching history:
- Keep notes of any effective search terms or keywords you have used
- Keep a record of useful databases, websites, books, journal articles that you have used
- Note down details for references/citations
**IMPORTANT for current and future use.
3: Search, Locate, and Access Materials
- User Acc at Taylors Library
1. Website Login (To access e-forms and Tutorials & Guides)
2. Ezproxy Login (To access Taylor's Library Online Resources
- Taylor's Catalogue
- Basic Search Technique
- Advanced Search Technique
- Search result
-However, if you are directed to the list of books, means that there are few items having the information as filtered.
-Provide User ID and Password upon access to Taylor's online resources
- E-Book Collections
- E-Journals
- Online Databases
- provide access to resources across a wide spectrum of topics and subject areas.
How to navigate information using Online Databases?
Online Databases: JSTOR// Art & Architecture Complete
Art & Architecture Complete
- designed for use by a diverse audience that includes art scholars, artists, designers, college students, and general researchers.
How to navigate information using Online Databases?
Online Databases: JSTOR// Art & Architecture Complete
Art & Architecture Complete
- designed for use by a diverse audience that includes art scholars, artists, designers, college students, and general researchers.
- Google Scholar
- articles, theses, books, abstracts, court opinions from:
-Academic publishers
-Professional societies
-Online repositories
-Universities
Links that labelled [PDF] provides full text of the article
How to navigate information using Google Scholar?
Link/url: https://scholar.google.com/
Google scholar also can be accessed from MulT-Search
Link Taylor's Library with Google Scholar
Steps:
Settings>Libary Links.Taylors.Search
4: Evaluate Sources:
Evaluating Resources.
Not all resources found can be used.
There are 5 focus criteria in evaluating resources.
1. Currency
• When was the information updated or revised?
• Is it still relevant to the current time?
• For website, take a look at the Copyright year
• Just because it is online does not mean it is up to date
2. Relevance
• How much information is presented?
• Is it detailed analyses or does it only provide the basic information?
• Is the readership level appropriate to your level?
3. Authority
• Who are the authors/editors and are their qualification?
• Are they published by scholarly publishers or popular presses?
• Websites (corporate websites rarely has personal authors)
• See if the authors has the credentials or links connected to them
4. Accuracy
• Does the source match your understanding of your topic?
• Can the information be verified in other resources?
• Is there a bibliography list?
• What are the resources referred to and how many are relevant to the discussed topic?
5. Purpose
• Is the purpose stated?
• Is it seen from a standpoint (leads to biasness)?
• To identify the nature and the degree of the bias
• How will the information presented affect the findings?
5: Use Ethically
Plagiarism
All of the following are considered plagiarism:
Why is Plagiarism a serious matter?
1.Breach of academic integrity
2.Failure in completing the learning process
3.Unethical and can have serious consequences for your future career
3 Types Of Plagiarism:
INTENTIONALLY
- You know that it is plagiarized but still you continue doing it
Example:
• Clone
• Copy paste
• Rephrasing
• Remix
UNINTENTIONALLY
- You have no idea that it is consider as plagiarism
Example:
• No proper citation
• Inaccurate citation
• Aggregator
SELF - PLAGIARISM
- Use of own previous work in another context without citing that it was used previously.
Example:
Submitting your previous assignment without both the previous and current lecturer's approval.
How to avoid Plagiarism?
- Plagiarism can be avoided by providing a proper referencing
NOT to reference:
What is Citation?
Def: A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source.
There are three (3) rules of referencing:
-Academic publishers
-Professional societies
-Online repositories
-Universities
Links that labelled [PDF] provides full text of the article
How to navigate information using Google Scholar?
Link/url: https://scholar.google.com/
Google scholar also can be accessed from MulT-Search
Link Taylor's Library with Google Scholar
Steps:
Settings>Libary Links.Taylors.Search
- My Library Account
4: Evaluate Sources:
Evaluating Resources.
Not all resources found can be used.
There are 5 focus criteria in evaluating resources.
1. Currency
• When was the information updated or revised?
• Is it still relevant to the current time?
• For website, take a look at the Copyright year
• Just because it is online does not mean it is up to date
2. Relevance
• How much information is presented?
• Is it detailed analyses or does it only provide the basic information?
• Is the readership level appropriate to your level?
3. Authority
• Who are the authors/editors and are their qualification?
• Are they published by scholarly publishers or popular presses?
• Websites (corporate websites rarely has personal authors)
• See if the authors has the credentials or links connected to them
4. Accuracy
• Does the source match your understanding of your topic?
• Can the information be verified in other resources?
• Is there a bibliography list?
• What are the resources referred to and how many are relevant to the discussed topic?
5. Purpose
• Is the purpose stated?
• Is it seen from a standpoint (leads to biasness)?
• To identify the nature and the degree of the bias
• How will the information presented affect the findings?
5: Use Ethically
Plagiarism
All of the following are considered plagiarism:
- Turning in someone else's work as your own
- Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
- Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
- Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation (Inaccurate citation)
- Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
- Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)
- Unauthorized collaboration
- Presenting as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source
Why is Plagiarism a serious matter?
1.Breach of academic integrity
2.Failure in completing the learning process
3.Unethical and can have serious consequences for your future career
3 Types Of Plagiarism:
INTENTIONALLY
- You know that it is plagiarized but still you continue doing it
Example:
• Clone
• Copy paste
• Rephrasing
• Remix
UNINTENTIONALLY
- You have no idea that it is consider as plagiarism
Example:
• No proper citation
• Inaccurate citation
• Aggregator
SELF - PLAGIARISM
- Use of own previous work in another context without citing that it was used previously.
Example:
Submitting your previous assignment without both the previous and current lecturer's approval.
How to avoid Plagiarism?
- Plagiarism can be avoided by providing a proper referencing
NOT to reference:
- Own opinion, ideas, interpretations, and views
- Common knowledge
- Fair use exemption
What is Citation?
Def: A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source.
There are three (3) rules of referencing:
1.Cite ALL References
- Reference must be included every time you use someone else’s idea or information
2. Must Appear in TWO Places
- In-Text citation: In the body of your essay
- Reference List: In a list at the end of your essay
3. Use CORRECT Method
– APA citation style
In-text citation
Format:
(Author's surname/family name, Year of publication)
Note: Page number in the in-text citation are only required when you quote from the original text (" ... ... ... ") and copy from other sources into your writings.
Secondary Referencing
Def: the act of citing a source cited in the sources you are currently reading
Missing Information
Sometimes, some pieces of information for the in-text citation & Reference list are not available.
- No authors
- No publication year/date
Week 4:
No lectures this week since it is a public holiday for Malaysia Day. I continued to work on the research proposal since the dateline is this Sunday, 19/9/2021.
Week 5:
We were given a briefing on our next task on critical review.
- Reference must be included every time you use someone else’s idea or information
2. Must Appear in TWO Places
- In-Text citation: In the body of your essay
- Reference List: In a list at the end of your essay
3. Use CORRECT Method
– APA citation style
In-text citation
Format:
(Author's surname/family name, Year of publication)
Note: Page number in the in-text citation are only required when you quote from the original text (" ... ... ... ") and copy from other sources into your writings.
Secondary Referencing
Def: the act of citing a source cited in the sources you are currently reading
Missing Information
Sometimes, some pieces of information for the in-text citation & Reference list are not available.
- No authors
- No publication year/date
Fig 1.0 Guideline for Missing Information - No Authors, Week 3 (9/9/2021)
Fig 1.1 Guideline for Missing Information - No date, Week 3 (9/9/2021)
Week 4:
No lectures this week since it is a public holiday for Malaysia Day. I continued to work on the research proposal since the dateline is this Sunday, 19/9/2021.
Week 5:
We were given a briefing on our next task on critical review.
INSTRUCTIONS
PROPOSAL
Week 1:
The topic that we choose must reflect our specialization and integrate issues or themes encompassing either Design Culture or Design for Future Making or Social Design. This week, we have to prepare our research topic, rationale, and research problem.
Week 2:
My research topic is 'Efficacy of motion graphics: The effects in conveying information and audience engagement.' However, my draft is incomplete as I was not clear about writing a rationale and my research problem. Dr. Jinchi was able to clear my doubts about writing a rationale as well as the problem statement.
A rationale is explaining why I have selected the research problem. The research problem is not a life/death matter to solve but it is an area of focus to study. We want to address those problems and find ways to answer some questions about that topic. Details about the research problem that wants to be further explained should be stated in the problem statement.
Afterward, we were all separated into our tutorial sessions according to our specialization. My session is with Dr. Hayati. She went through everyone's research proposal drafts and gave her remarks. At the end of the session, she briefed us about our reflection sheet, which should be updated every week in Google Drive. She also reminded us to come up with a concept design for our final proposal presentation slides. Next week, we are expected to show progress for:
A rationale is explaining why I have selected the research problem. The research problem is not a life/death matter to solve but it is an area of focus to study. We want to address those problems and find ways to answer some questions about that topic. Details about the research problem that wants to be further explained should be stated in the problem statement.
Afterward, we were all separated into our tutorial sessions according to our specialization. My session is with Dr. Hayati. She went through everyone's research proposal drafts and gave her remarks. At the end of the session, she briefed us about our reflection sheet, which should be updated every week in Google Drive. She also reminded us to come up with a concept design for our final proposal presentation slides. Next week, we are expected to show progress for:
- problem statement
- research question
- research objective
My first attempt at the research proposal.
Week 3:
My second attempt at doing my research proposal after narrowing down the topic.
Week 4:
I worked on my proposal to complete it before the dateline. The feedback I received was to narrow down my topic further and decide between doing an inductive or deductive approach. I managed to find scholarly articles to support my references in my research problem. Hence, this is my first submission for the research proposal.
Fig 1 Research Proposal - Draft 01, (2/9/2021)
Week 3:
My second attempt at doing my research proposal after narrowing down the topic.
Fig 2 Research Proposal - Draft 02, (9/9/2021)
Week 4:
I worked on my proposal to complete it before the dateline. The feedback I received was to narrow down my topic further and decide between doing an inductive or deductive approach. I managed to find scholarly articles to support my references in my research problem. Hence, this is my first submission for the research proposal.
Fig 3 Research Proposal - Final Submission, (19/9/2021)
Fig 4 Research Proposal Slides, (19/9/2021)
Revised Research Proposal
Below is the updated research proposal with the revised research objective and updated references.
Fig 5 Revised Research Proposal Slides, (28/11/2021)
FEEDBACK
Week 1:
No consultations.
Week 2:
Week 3:
General Feedback:
Dr.Hayati showed us samples of filling up the reflection sheets and pointed out that some of us did not fill them up correctly. For example, for the Progress/Remarks column, we have to fill up our actions. towards the task.
No consultations.
Week 2:
Specific Feedback:
During the individual session, I presented what I have done to Dr. Hayati. My topic was accepted but I was advised to narrow down my topic and dive into a specific area of interest. Motion graphics in what industry? What kind? There are so many commercial brands and industries out there like automotive/fashion etc. Focusing on specific areas will help me to write my rationale and problem statement. I also learned about finding references from journal/article resources like Google Scholar and ResearchGate.
Week 3:
General Feedback:
Dr.Hayati showed us samples of filling up the reflection sheets and pointed out that some of us did not fill them up correctly. For example, for the Progress/Remarks column, we have to fill up our actions. towards the task.
Specific Feedback:
The feedback that I got from Dr. Hayati was that commercials are still broad.
- Narrow down the topic from food and beverage commercials to either one. E.g. Food Advertisements
- Decide on which approach I am doing for Research Objective/Questions.
- Inductive = Observation
- Deductive = Theory/Studies based.
- Formulate my research objective based on the list of questions (If Inductive is chosen.)
Week 4:
No feedback since there is no class. (Malaysia Day public holiday)Week 5:
General Feedback:
The use of Mendeley will help ease the process of writing the critical review with all its features. Be updated on instructions in Microsoft Teams/Telegram/Google Classroom and ensure that the Google Drive folder is properly linked to Dr. Hayati’s email and edit feature is enabled.
It is not recommended for me to do research based on somebody else’s research paper - especially when we are beginners. Best to have proper primary research as our reference. I can reuse the references that I have used in my research proposal but with caution - double check if they are wholly relevant to my topic and ensure that they are proper research articles/journals instead of blogs, etc.
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